Face recognition and cultural variability A systematic review of empirical evidence and evaluation measures
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Jul 1, 2024
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Anyerson Stiths Gómez Tabares
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-3178
Jainer Alberto Amézquita Londoño
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-6753
David Antonio Pineda-Salazar
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-3178
Jainer Alberto Amézquita Londoño
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-6753
David Antonio Pineda-Salazar
Abstract
Objective: To review scientific literature in which controlled cognitive tasks and recording of neurological activity are utilized to evaluate face recognition ability, considering the "other-race effect" (ORE). Methodology: Reflection article, whose methodology is based on a literature review; 15 studies were included for meta-synthesis. Results: It was found that subjective-recollection controlled cognitive tasks, electroencephalography technique, and event-related potentials predominate in face recognition research, considering the ORE. It was also found that oxytocin has no influence on face memory, and that difficulties in recognizing other-race blurred faces correlate with the activation of the fusiform face area (FFA). Conclusions: Neural processing of other-race faces requires more effort, evidenced by larger N250 amplitude, and it is related to N170 component. Furthermore, own-race face recognition is prolonged when these are inverted. of Other-race face processing may be increased by instruction, whereas anger does not improve other-race face memory. This review confirms that both neurophysiology and cultural factors play a crucial role in face recognition and suggests that ORE may be produced by the interaction between these factors.
How to Cite
Gómez Tabares, A. S., Amézquita Londoño, J. A., & Pineda-Salazar, D. A. (2024). Face recognition and cultural variability: A systematic review of empirical evidence and evaluation measures. ÁNFORA, 31(57), 299–325. https://doi.org/10.30854/anf.v31.n57.2024.1102
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Keywords
face recognition, other-race effect (ORE), controlled cognitive tasks, electroencephalography (EEG), cultural neuroscience, (obtained from the thesaurus DeCS/MeSH – Health Science Descriptors)
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Colombatto, C., & McCarthy, G. (2017). The Effects of Face Inversion and Face Race on the P100 ERP. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(4), 664–676. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01079
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Duchaine, B., & Yovel, G. (2015). A Revised Neural Framework for Face Processing. Annual Review of Vision Science, 1(1), 393–416. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-082114-035518
Furl, N., Henson, R. N., Friston, K. J., & Calder, A. J. (2013). Top-Down Control of Visual Responses to Fear by the Amygdala. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 33(44), 17435–17443.
https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2992-13.2013
Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Anderson, A. W., Skudlarski, P., & Gore, J. C. (1999). Activation of the Middle Fusiform “Face Area” Increases with Expertise in Recognizing Novel Objects. Nature Neuroscience, 2(6), 568–573. https://doi.org/10.1038/9224
Ge, L., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Quinn, P. C., Pascalis, O., Kelly, D., Slater, A., Tian, J., & Lee, K. (2009). Two Faces of the Other-Race Effect: Recognition and Categorisation of Caucasian and Chinese faces. Perception, 38(8), 1199–1210.
https://doi.org/10.1068/p6136
Gobbini, M. I., & Haxby, J. V. (2007). Neural Systems for Recognition of Familiar Faces. Neuropsychologia, 45(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.015
Haist, F., & Anzures, G. (2017). Functional Development of the Brain’s Face‐ Processing System. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science, 8(1–2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1423
Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I. (2000). The Distributed Human Neural System for Face Perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(6), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01482-0
Herzmann, G. (2016). Increased N250 Amplitudes for Other-Race Faces Reflect More Effortful Processing at the Individual Level. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 105, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.05.001
Herzmann, G., Bird, C. W., Freeman, M., & Curran, T. (2013). Effects of Oxytocin on Behavioral and ERP Measures of Recognition Memory for Own-Race and Other-Race Faces in Women and Men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(10),
2140–2151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.002
Herzmann, G., Minor, G., & Adkins, M. (2017). Neural Correlates of Memory Encoding and Recognition for Own-Race and Other-Race Faces in an Associative-Memory Task. Brain Research, 1655, 194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.028
Herzmann, G., Minor, G., & Curran, T. (2018). Neural Evidence for the Contribution of Holistic Processing but not Attention Allocation to the Other-Race Effect on Face Memory. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 18(5),
1015–1033. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-0619-z
Hugenberg, K., Miller, J., & Claypool, H. M. (2007). Categorization and Individuation in the Cross-Race Recognition Deficit: Toward a Solution to An Insidious Problem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(2), 334–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.010
Hugenberg, K., Young, S. G., Bernstein, M. J., & Sacco, D. F. (2010). The Categorization-Individuation Model: An Integrative Account of the Other-Race Recognition Deficit. Psychological Review, 117(4), 1168–1187. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020463
Kacin, M., & Herzmann, G. (2021). Facial Expressions of Anger Improve Neural Correlates of Memory Retrieval but not Encoding of Only Same-Race Faces. Neuropsychologia, 159, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107915
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience,
17(11), 4302–4311. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997
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