Validation of the Self-report altruism scale test in Colombian University Students
Article Sidebar
Published
Dec 14, 2016
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: to establish whether the Canadian selfreport altruism scale Questionnaire is a reliable estimate for altruistic behavior in young Colombian university students.
Methodology: the self-report altruism scale test was adapted and applied. 327 university students between 18 and 25 years from five independent cohorts participated in this study. Participants should note, in 20 items, the frequency (never, once, more than once, often or very often) with which they performed altruistic behavior. The method of this study followed the protocol of the World Health Organization for these cases. There was also a correlation analysis between the score of the questionnaire and the evaluation that some close friends of each participant made in relation to the altruistic tendency of the latter.
Results: cronbach's alpha, bipartition analysis and comparison of these data with those reported in other countries show that the instrument is highly reliable. The selfreport altruism scale questionnaire is a useful tool to estimate the altruistic behavior of Colombian university students.
Conclusions: the relevance of developing tools to assess prosocial behavior in the country is discussed and clarified. Expanding the age range and applying the questionnaire to non-university populations, will strengthen the development of the instrument.
How to Cite
Aguilar Pardo, D., & Martínez Cotrina, J. (2016). Validation of the Self-report altruism scale test in Colombian University Students. ÁNFORA, 23(41), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.30854/anf.v23.n41.2016.139
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
Article Details
Keywords
Altruism, Prosociality, University students, Validation.
References
Aguilar, D., Martínez, R. and Colmenares, F. (2013). The role of inhibition in young children’s altruistic behaviour. Cognitive Processing, (14), 301-307. Retrieved from doi: 10.1007/s10339-013-0552-6
Aponte, M., Martínez, J. and Caicedo, J. (2016). Explorando el cerebro social: Expresiones desde la cooperación y la agresión en niños y jóvenes. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Benozio, A. and G. Diesendruck. (2015). Parochialism in preschool boys' resource allocation. Evolution and Human Behavior, (36), 256-264. Retrieved from doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.12.002
Bereczkei, T., Birkas, B. and Kerekes, Z. (2010). Altruism towards strangers in need: Costly signaling in an industrial society. Evolution and Human Behavior, (31), 95-103. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.07.004
Blake, P., Piovesan, M., Montinari, N., Warneken, F. and Gino, F. (2014). Prosocial norms in the classroom: The role of self-regulation in following norms of giving. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, (115), 18-29. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.10.004
Chiang, Y. and Wu, C. (2015). Social influence and the adaptation of parochial altruism: a dictator-game experiment on children and adolescents under peer influence. Evolution and Human Behavior, (36), 430–437. Retrieved from doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.03.007
Cortada, N. (1999). Teorías psicométricas y construcción de tests. Buenos Aires.
Chou, Kee-Lee. (1996). The Rushton, Chrisjohn and Fekken self-report altruism scale: A Chinese translation. Personality and Individual Differences, (21), 297-298.
Curry, O. and Dunbar, R. (2013). Sharing a joke: The effects of a similar sense of humor on affiliation and altruism. Evolution and Human Behavior, (34), 125-129. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2012.11.003
Dunfield, K. and Kuhlmeier, A. (2013). Classifying prosocial behavior: Children's responses to instrumental need, emotional distress, and material desire. Child Development, (84), 1766-1776. Retrieved from doi: 10.1111/cdev.12075
Fehr, E. and Fischbacher, U. (2003). The nature of human altruism. Nature, (425), 785-791. Retrieved from doi: 10.1038/nature02043
Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U. and Gächter, S. (2002). Strong reciprocity, human cooperation, and the enforcement of social norms. Human Nature, (13), 1-25. Retrieved from doi: 10.1007/s12110-002-1012-7
Fehrler, S. and Przepiorka, W. (2013). Charitable giving as a signal of trustworthiness: Disentangling the signaling benefits of altruistic acts. Evolution and Human Behavior, (34), 139-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.11.005
Foster, K. (2011). The sociobiology of molecular systems. Nature Reviews Genetics, (12), 193-203. doi:10.1038/nrg2903
Gintis, H. (2000). Strong reciprocity and human sociality. J. theor. Biol., (206), 169-179.
Hamilton, W. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behavior. Journal of theorical biology, (7), 1-16.
Hauser, M., McAuliffe,K. and Blake, P. (2009). Evolving the ingredients for reciprocity and spite. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B, (364), 3255-3266. Retrieved from doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0116
Henrich, J., Ensminger, J., McElreath, R., Barr, A., Barrett, C., Bolyanatz, A., Cardenas, J., Gurven, M., Gwako, E., Henrich, N., Lesorogol, C., Marlowe, F., Tracer, D. and Ziker, J. (2010). Markets, religion, community size, and the evolution of fairness and punishment. Science, (327), 1479-1484. Retrieved from doi: 10.1126/science.1182238
House, B., Henrich, J., Brosnan, S. and Silk, J. (2012). The ontogeny of human prosociality: Behavioral experiments with children aged 3 to 8. Evolution and Human Behavior, (33), 291-308. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.10.007
Johnson, R. C. G. P. Danko., T. J. Darvill, S. Bochner, J. K. Bowers, Y.-H. Huang, J. Y. Park, V. Pecjak, A. R. A. Rahim and D. Pennington. (1989). Cross-cultural assessment of altruism and its correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, (10), 855-868.
Kahn, C. (1981). Aristotle and altruism. Mind, (90), 20-40.
Kant, I. (1991). The metaphysics of morals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Krueger, R., Hicks, B. and McGue, M. (2001). Altruism and antisocial behavior: Independent tendencies, unique personality correlates, distinct etiologies. Psychological Science, (12), 397-402.
Leontopoulou, S. (2010). An exploratory study of altruism in Greek children: Relations with empathy, resilience and classroom climate. Psychology, (1), 377-385. Retrieved from doi: 10.4236/psych.2010.15047
Menesini, E., Palladino, B. and Nocentini, A. (2015). Emotions of moral disengagement, class norms, and bullying in adolescence: A multilevel approach. Merrill- Palmer Quarterly, (61), 124-143. Retrieved from doi: 10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.61.1.0124
Messick, S. (1980). Test validity and the ethics of assessment. American Psychologist, (35), 1012–27
Pennisi, E. (2005). How did cooperative behavior evolve? Science, (309), 93.
Rushton, P., Chrisjohn, R. and Fekken, C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the self-report altruism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, (2), 293-302.
Rushton, P., Vernon, P. and Bons, T. (2007). No evidence that polymorphisms of brain regulator genes Microcephalin andASPM are associated with general mental ability, head circumference or altruism. Biology Letters, (3), 157-160. Retrieved from doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0586
Rand, D., Greene, J. and Nowak, M. (2012). Spontaneous giving and calculated greed. Nature, (489), 427-430. Retrieved from doi: 10.1038/nature11467.
Sebastián-Enesco, C., Hernández-Lloreda, M. and Colmenares, F. (2013). Two and a half-year-old children are prosocial even when their partners are not. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, (116), 186-198. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.05.007
Santisteban C. (1999). Psicometría. Teoría y práctica en la construcción de tests. Madrid, España: ed. Norma.
Sibly, R. and Curnow, R. (2011). Selfishness and altruism can coexist when help is subject to diminishing returns. Heredity, (107), 167-173. Retrieved from doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.2
Sloan, D., D. Tumminelli and A. Sesma. (2009). Human prosociality from an evolutionary perspective: variation and correlations at a city-wide scale. Evolution and Human Behavior, (30), 190-200. Retrieved from doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.12.002
Svetlova, M., Nichols, S. and Brownell, C. (2010). Toddlers’ prosocial behavior: From instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping. Child Development, (81), 1814-1827. Retrieved from doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01512.x
Trivers, R. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, (46), 35-57.
Vogt, S., Efferson, C., Berger, J. and Fehr, F. (2015). Eye spots do not increase altruism in children. Evolution and Human Behavior, (36), 224-231. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.11.007
Warneken, F. and Tomasello, M. (2009). The roots of human altruism. British Journal of Psychology, (100), 455-471. Retrieved from doi:10.1348/000712608X379061
Warneken, F. and Tomasello, M. (2008). Extrinsic rewards undermine altruistic tendencies in 20-Month-Olds. Developmental Psychology, (44), 1785-1788. Retrieved from doi: 10.1037/a0013860
Warneken, F. and Tomasello, M. (2007). Helping and cooperation at 14 months of age. Infancy, (11), 271-294. Retrieved from doi: 10.1348/00071260SX379061
Yilmaz, O. and Bahçekapili, H. (2016) Supernatural and secular monitors promote human cooperation only if they remind of punishment. Evolution and Human Behavior, (37), 79-84. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.09.005
Aponte, M., Martínez, J. and Caicedo, J. (2016). Explorando el cerebro social: Expresiones desde la cooperación y la agresión en niños y jóvenes. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Benozio, A. and G. Diesendruck. (2015). Parochialism in preschool boys' resource allocation. Evolution and Human Behavior, (36), 256-264. Retrieved from doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.12.002
Bereczkei, T., Birkas, B. and Kerekes, Z. (2010). Altruism towards strangers in need: Costly signaling in an industrial society. Evolution and Human Behavior, (31), 95-103. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.07.004
Blake, P., Piovesan, M., Montinari, N., Warneken, F. and Gino, F. (2014). Prosocial norms in the classroom: The role of self-regulation in following norms of giving. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, (115), 18-29. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.10.004
Chiang, Y. and Wu, C. (2015). Social influence and the adaptation of parochial altruism: a dictator-game experiment on children and adolescents under peer influence. Evolution and Human Behavior, (36), 430–437. Retrieved from doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.03.007
Cortada, N. (1999). Teorías psicométricas y construcción de tests. Buenos Aires.
Chou, Kee-Lee. (1996). The Rushton, Chrisjohn and Fekken self-report altruism scale: A Chinese translation. Personality and Individual Differences, (21), 297-298.
Curry, O. and Dunbar, R. (2013). Sharing a joke: The effects of a similar sense of humor on affiliation and altruism. Evolution and Human Behavior, (34), 125-129. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2012.11.003
Dunfield, K. and Kuhlmeier, A. (2013). Classifying prosocial behavior: Children's responses to instrumental need, emotional distress, and material desire. Child Development, (84), 1766-1776. Retrieved from doi: 10.1111/cdev.12075
Fehr, E. and Fischbacher, U. (2003). The nature of human altruism. Nature, (425), 785-791. Retrieved from doi: 10.1038/nature02043
Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U. and Gächter, S. (2002). Strong reciprocity, human cooperation, and the enforcement of social norms. Human Nature, (13), 1-25. Retrieved from doi: 10.1007/s12110-002-1012-7
Fehrler, S. and Przepiorka, W. (2013). Charitable giving as a signal of trustworthiness: Disentangling the signaling benefits of altruistic acts. Evolution and Human Behavior, (34), 139-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.11.005
Foster, K. (2011). The sociobiology of molecular systems. Nature Reviews Genetics, (12), 193-203. doi:10.1038/nrg2903
Gintis, H. (2000). Strong reciprocity and human sociality. J. theor. Biol., (206), 169-179.
Hamilton, W. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behavior. Journal of theorical biology, (7), 1-16.
Hauser, M., McAuliffe,K. and Blake, P. (2009). Evolving the ingredients for reciprocity and spite. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B, (364), 3255-3266. Retrieved from doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0116
Henrich, J., Ensminger, J., McElreath, R., Barr, A., Barrett, C., Bolyanatz, A., Cardenas, J., Gurven, M., Gwako, E., Henrich, N., Lesorogol, C., Marlowe, F., Tracer, D. and Ziker, J. (2010). Markets, religion, community size, and the evolution of fairness and punishment. Science, (327), 1479-1484. Retrieved from doi: 10.1126/science.1182238
House, B., Henrich, J., Brosnan, S. and Silk, J. (2012). The ontogeny of human prosociality: Behavioral experiments with children aged 3 to 8. Evolution and Human Behavior, (33), 291-308. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.10.007
Johnson, R. C. G. P. Danko., T. J. Darvill, S. Bochner, J. K. Bowers, Y.-H. Huang, J. Y. Park, V. Pecjak, A. R. A. Rahim and D. Pennington. (1989). Cross-cultural assessment of altruism and its correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, (10), 855-868.
Kahn, C. (1981). Aristotle and altruism. Mind, (90), 20-40.
Kant, I. (1991). The metaphysics of morals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Krueger, R., Hicks, B. and McGue, M. (2001). Altruism and antisocial behavior: Independent tendencies, unique personality correlates, distinct etiologies. Psychological Science, (12), 397-402.
Leontopoulou, S. (2010). An exploratory study of altruism in Greek children: Relations with empathy, resilience and classroom climate. Psychology, (1), 377-385. Retrieved from doi: 10.4236/psych.2010.15047
Menesini, E., Palladino, B. and Nocentini, A. (2015). Emotions of moral disengagement, class norms, and bullying in adolescence: A multilevel approach. Merrill- Palmer Quarterly, (61), 124-143. Retrieved from doi: 10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.61.1.0124
Messick, S. (1980). Test validity and the ethics of assessment. American Psychologist, (35), 1012–27
Pennisi, E. (2005). How did cooperative behavior evolve? Science, (309), 93.
Rushton, P., Chrisjohn, R. and Fekken, C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the self-report altruism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, (2), 293-302.
Rushton, P., Vernon, P. and Bons, T. (2007). No evidence that polymorphisms of brain regulator genes Microcephalin andASPM are associated with general mental ability, head circumference or altruism. Biology Letters, (3), 157-160. Retrieved from doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0586
Rand, D., Greene, J. and Nowak, M. (2012). Spontaneous giving and calculated greed. Nature, (489), 427-430. Retrieved from doi: 10.1038/nature11467.
Sebastián-Enesco, C., Hernández-Lloreda, M. and Colmenares, F. (2013). Two and a half-year-old children are prosocial even when their partners are not. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, (116), 186-198. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.05.007
Santisteban C. (1999). Psicometría. Teoría y práctica en la construcción de tests. Madrid, España: ed. Norma.
Sibly, R. and Curnow, R. (2011). Selfishness and altruism can coexist when help is subject to diminishing returns. Heredity, (107), 167-173. Retrieved from doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.2
Sloan, D., D. Tumminelli and A. Sesma. (2009). Human prosociality from an evolutionary perspective: variation and correlations at a city-wide scale. Evolution and Human Behavior, (30), 190-200. Retrieved from doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.12.002
Svetlova, M., Nichols, S. and Brownell, C. (2010). Toddlers’ prosocial behavior: From instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping. Child Development, (81), 1814-1827. Retrieved from doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01512.x
Trivers, R. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, (46), 35-57.
Vogt, S., Efferson, C., Berger, J. and Fehr, F. (2015). Eye spots do not increase altruism in children. Evolution and Human Behavior, (36), 224-231. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.11.007
Warneken, F. and Tomasello, M. (2009). The roots of human altruism. British Journal of Psychology, (100), 455-471. Retrieved from doi:10.1348/000712608X379061
Warneken, F. and Tomasello, M. (2008). Extrinsic rewards undermine altruistic tendencies in 20-Month-Olds. Developmental Psychology, (44), 1785-1788. Retrieved from doi: 10.1037/a0013860
Warneken, F. and Tomasello, M. (2007). Helping and cooperation at 14 months of age. Infancy, (11), 271-294. Retrieved from doi: 10.1348/00071260SX379061
Yilmaz, O. and Bahçekapili, H. (2016) Supernatural and secular monitors promote human cooperation only if they remind of punishment. Evolution and Human Behavior, (37), 79-84. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.09.005
Section
Articles
License
Once the manuscript is approved, the authors should file and sign the Right Transfer Format.
