Individualismo y colectivismo cultural en relación con la desigualdad socioeconómica desde el enfoque de la psicología social evolutiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30854/anf.v30.n55.2023.925Palabras clave:
Orientación cultural, individualismo, colectivismo, desigualdad económica, psicología social evolutivaResumen
Objetivo: en este artículo de reflexión se propone analizar la relación de la orientación individualistacolectivista de la cultura con la desigualdad socioeconómica desde un enfoque evolutivo. Método: consiste en un análisis conceptual basado en una revisión de literatura científica, tanto clásica como actual, de la cual se hizo una interpretación crítica. El trabajo comienza con una introducción que sitúa la temática en el contexto de la psicología social evolutiva. Luego se plantea la distinción entre evolución biológica y cultural. Resultados: con base en los referentes conceptuales anteriores, se analizan las nociones de individualismo y colectivismo cultural desde una perspectiva de psicología social evolutiva. Posteriormente, se plantea una visión evolutiva de la desigualdad y, por último, se ofrece una panorámica entre el individualismo-colectivismo cultural vinculado a la desigualdad en la distribución de la riqueza, también desde el enfoque de psicología social evolutiva. Conclusiones: se postulan algunas reflexiones generales derivadas de los análisis anteriores. Estas proponen que la orientación cultural individualista-colectivista es un producto evolutivo de las sociedades que puede influir en el modo en que estas se estructuran, organizan y distribuyen su riqueza. Ello puede ser entendido en el contexto de las circunstancias que estas han enfrentado y la forma en que han respondido a las mismas a través de su historia evolutiva. La tendencia a que en las sociedades más colectivistas se presente mayor desigualdad en la distribución de la riqueza podría estar permeada por una mayor propensión al conformismo, la pasividad, la obediencia y el sometimiento a las jerarquías sociales, lo que sugiere que la desigualdad socioeconómica, más que un proceso puramente económico, es también un proceso político-cultural y evolutivo.
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