Working memory and consciousness::  three theoretical perspectives

Daniel-Alfredo Landinez-Martínez; David-Andrés Montoya-Arenas; David-Antonio Pineda-Salazar

doi:10.30854/anf.v29.n53.2022.800

Autores/as

Daniel-Alfredo Landinez-Martínez Universidad Catolica Luis Amigo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-5052
David-Andrés Montoya-Arenas Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Universidad San Buenaventura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-4696
David-Antonio Pineda-Salazar Universidad San Buenaventura; Universidad de Antioquia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1080-4796

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30854/anf.v29.n53.2022.800

Palabras clave:

consciencia, memoria de trabajo, teoría del espacio de trabajo global, modelo jerárquico, yo

Resumen

La perspectiva de la Memoria de Trabajo (MT) como proceso consciente ha permitido definir la consciencia como el contenido de la MT; sin embargo, han surgido inquietudes sobre las comparaciones que se han realizado entre ambas. Objetivo: aunque la relación entre estos dos campos de estudio ha sido planteada desde la psicología, la filosofía y la neurociencia, una revisión teórica que aborde los elementos centrales de las perspectivas más citadas enriquecería el debate en esta área de conocimiento. Metodología: esta revisión se centra en tres perspectivas teóricas: 1) el modelo multicomponente de memoria de trabajo; 2) la Teoría del Espacio de Trabajo Global (GWT); 3) el modelo jerárquico. Se analizaron 113 artículos en los que se abordaron las tres perspectivas anteriores. Resultados: el modelo multicomponente de memoria de trabajo aporta una descripción funcional básica sobre cómo las representaciones mentales permanecen en línea durante un procesamiento cognitivo complejo. De este modo, de un lado, el intercambio de información entre el ejecutivo central y el búfer episódico; y de otro lado, el bucle fonológico y la agenda visuoespacial se presenta a través del procesamiento consciente. Conclusiones: asimismo, el ejecutivo central controla y modifica la atención, pero el búfer episódico permite la disponibilidad de información multimodal.

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